1776 Campaign

Holding the Line for Liberty 

In July 1776, delegates to Congress formally declared independence from Great Britain, but the Declaration was still just words on paper. It required the Continental Army to make it a reality.

At Ticonderoga, Continental soldiers retreating from a failed invasion of Canada regrouped and prepared to make a stand. Numbering nearly 13,000, this force rivaled some of the largest cities in the colonies.

Victory wasn’t certain. With the new nation’s existence on the line, American forces were sick, undersupplied, and overstretched. The army had to rebuild itself into a competent force in just months. They sweated to build, and rebuild, miles of fortifications, reshaping the landscape in words and deeds. The point across Lake Champlain was renamed Mount Independence and the “French Lines” of 1758 became Liberty Hill.

The stakes couldn’t have been higher. Washington’s main army was defeated, retreating all the way to the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware River. The only American force remaining to face the British was the Northern Army at Ticonderoga. After defeating Benedict Arnold’s lake fleet at Valcour Island, the British captured Crown Point and prepared for the final push. What they found was an American force motivated, prepared, and arrayed along bristling fortifications. Their stand here saved independence.